U.S. AI Data Center Projects (2020–2025)

Meta Platforms (Facebook) – Gallatin Data Center

Gallatin, Tennessee (Sumner Co.)

Scale: 982,000 ft² initial facility on ~800-acre campus; $800 M investment. Stage: Announced Aug 2020, construction underway; went live Nov 2023. Tactics: Recruited under code name (3-year confidential effort). Incentives: State/county economic development support (e.g. TVA solar deal for 220 MW)tnecd.com 1. ~100 permanent jobs.

State ECD press release (official) – Verified.

Meta – DeKalb Data Center

DeKalb, Illinois (Chicago metro)

Scale: 2.3 million ft² campus (five buildings planned); >$1 B total spend. Stage: Announced June 2020; construction took 3 years, launched traffic Nov 2023. Tactics: Open project (public announcement). Incentives: Local tax abatements; renewable energy projects (295 MW wind) to power sitedatacenterdynamics.com 2. Supports ~200 operations jobs.

Data Center news (trade press) – Verified.

Meta – Montgomery “Next-Gen” Data Center

Montgomery, Alabama

Scale: 715,000 ft² new “AI-optimized” data center on 1,500-acre site; $800 M. Stage: Announced May 2024 (will be Meta’s 24th DC globally); site clearing begun, operational by late 2026. Tactics: Publicly announced with state leaders. Incentives: State & local support; design to be 100% renewable and LEED Goldgovernor.alabama.gov 3. ~100 jobs.

Governor’s press release (state PR) – Verified.

Meta – Kansas City Data Center

Kansas City, Missouri (Northland)

Scale: ~1.4 million ft² across 3 server buildings + admin, $1 B+ investment. Stage: Broke ground 2022, went online Aug 2025startlandnews.com 4. Tactics: Project developed by Diode Ventures under “Golden Plains Technology Park.” Publicly announced (no NDA). Incentives: Local property tax abatements via Port Authority; 100% renewable energy power. ~100 jobs.

Regional news (KC press) – Verified.

Google – Northern Virginia Expansions

Loudoun & Prince William Counties, VA

Scale: $1 B investment to expand Google’s existing VA campuses in 2023–24 (adding to $4 B+ already in VA)datacenterfrontier.com 5. New 2023 campus in Prince William Co. launched. Stage: Announced April 2024 with Governor; active construction. Tactics: One new 181-acre complex scouted via a shell entity “Sharpless Enterprises” (Army Corps filing linked it to Google). Incentives: State partnership (e.g. $75 M AI workforce fund by Google); significant economic impact noted.

Data center trade press – Verified.

Google – Kansas City Northland Campus

Smithville area, Missouri (KC North)

Scale: ~500-acre land purchase for multi-phase data hub. Initial phase: 1.435 million ft² across 4 buildingsdatacenterdynamics.com 6; $1 B construction start. Ultimate build-out valued up to $10 B (long-term). Stage: Land acquired 2019–2021; plans filed 2023; local approvals in 2024. Tactics: Open development; standard zoning process. Incentives: Approved local tax incentives via Port KC; 400 MW solar PPA with Evergy to power the site.

Data center trade press – Verified.

Amazon AWS – Cloud Region Expansion (Ohio)

Multiple sites, Ohio (Greater Columbus & beyond)

Scale: Up to 8 new data center sites by 2030, first in Fayette County (~$5 B)aboutamazon.com 7. Builds on $6 B invested pre-2023. Stage: Initial $7.8 B expansion announced 2023, increased to $10 B by Dec 2024 to meet AI/cloud demand. First new campus underway; others in planning (e.g. Union Co/Marysville $1 B, Sunbury $2 B). Tactics: Public announcement by Governor; broad multi-site strategy (no secrecy). Incentives: State offered sales tax exemptions on IT equipment; tax credits for jobsreuters.com 8. Focus on generative AI capacity.

AWS official blog (company PR)aboutamazon.com 9; Reuters newsreuters.com 10 – Verified.

Amazon AWS – US East Region Growth (Virginia)

Prince William & Loudoun Counties, VA

Scale: Ongoing expansion of AWS’s largest cloud cluster. Notably, in Apr 2024 AWS bought 91 acres in Manassas for $218 M (for new data centers)datacenterfrontier.com 11. Also planning a separate 1 million ft² “Potomac Technology Park” nearby. Stage: Land acquisition and rezoning approved in early 2024. Tactics: Projects often shielded via LLCs (e.g. Amazon’s purchases under “Amazon Data Services” name). Incentives: Virginia approved up to $35 B in AWS investments by 2040 with tax breaks. Local overlay zones fast-track approvals.

Data center news (trade press) – Verified.

Amazon AWS – “Project Blue” (Secret AWS Campus)

Tucson, Arizona (Pima Co.)

Scale: ~290-acre planned campus for AWS, targeting multi-billion $$ (up to $24 B in equipment over 10 years)azluminaria.org 12. Compute capacity undisclosed but presumed hundreds of MW. Stage: Disguised as “Project Blue” via developer (Beale Infrastructure); land annexation into city debated mid-2025. AWS identity confirmed by local officials. Tactics: Strict NDA and shell entities used initially, with code name to mask AWS. Incentives: Arizona’s statewide data center sales tax exemption (qualifying for 10-year exemption on ~$24 B of IT gear); no additional local tax breaks promised. Significant city revenues expected ($97 M/10yr).

Investigative local news – Verified (identity revealed).

**Amazon AWS – Central Mississippi (Project AN) **

Madison County, Mississippi

Scale: Multiple complexes across two industrial parks; projected total >3.4 million ft². $10 B investment – largest in MS historyaboutamazon.com 13. ~1000 jobs. Stage: Announced Jan 2024; ground broken mid-2024. Tactics: Initial negotiations under code-name; revealed via state EDA. Incentives: Mississippi certified AWS as a “Data Center” to grant 10-year sales and franchise tax exemptionsdatacenterdynamics.com 14. Local authorities provided land in MCEDA parks. Workforce training and STEM programs funded by AWS.

AWS official release – Verified; DCD newsdatacenterdynamics.com 15.

Amazon AWS – Indiana Campus

St. Joseph County, Indiana (New Carlisle)

Scale: Massive multi-building campus on ~600+ acres; $11 B investmentreuters.com 16. At least 1,000 jobs. Stage: Announced Apr 2024; construction begun 2024. Tactics: Standard economic development approach (no shell needed); publicly touted as state’s largest-ever capital project. Incentives: 50-year state sales-tax exemption on infrastructure; $78 M+ in state tax credits and training grants. Emphasized generative AI capacity for AWS.

Reuters News – Verified.

Amazon AWS – North Carolina Region

Richmond County, North Carolina

Scale: New greenfield campus (exact acreage not listed) to anchor AWS expansion in NC; $10 B planned investmentaboutamazon.com 17. ~500 jobs. Stage: Announced June 2025 by state officials as one of largest in NC history. Construction prep in 2025. Tactics: Open announcement (no alias). Incentives: Expected use of NC’s incentive grants; AWS launching local community fund and workforce training (STEM programs). Aimed at AI cloud growth.

AWS official blog – Verified.

Amazon AWS – Northeastern Pennsylvania Campuses

Salem Twp (Luzerne) & Falls Twp (Bucks), PA

Scale: Two large “innovation campus” sites – one in NE PA near a nuclear plant – for cloud/AI. $20 B+ total investmentaboutamazon.com 18; 1,250 new jobs. Stage: Announced June 2025 with Governor; early development phase. Tactics: Open announcement (largest private investment in PA history). Incentives: Anticipated use of PA DC incentive program; workforce development partnerships and a $250k community STEM fund. Will bolster AI infrastructure nationally.

Amazon release – Verified.

EdgeCore – Culpeper Tech Zone Campus

Culpeper County, Virginia

Scale: 120-acre campus in designated Tech Zone. Initial phase: 1.4 M ft² supporting 216 MW IT load, scaling to ~432 MWdatacenterfrontier.com 19. Stage: Land acquired July 2024; build-out through 2028 (power available by then). Tactics: Openly coordinated with county’s pre-zoned tech district (no secrecy needed). Incentives: Local Tech Zone incentives (streamlined approvals, pre-addressed community concerns like water use). EdgeCore touts minimal water, closed-loop cooling for community goodwill.

Data Center trade article – Verified.

PowerHouse Data Centers – “PH95” Campus

Spotsylvania County, Virginia

Scale: ~800 MW mega-campus on 234 acres along I-95. Three 300 MW substations planned; first 150 MW by Oct 2025. Ultimately 8+ high-density data centers. Stage: Groundbreaking in 2024. Tactics: Announced via company LinkedIn (public); branding as “PowerHouse 95”. No shell LLC. Incentives: Local partnership with county; leveraging existing transmission capacity (2 substations on-site). Parent AREP and partner Harrison Street investing $1 B (6 data centers, 2.1M ft² by 2026).

Data Center trade article – Verified.

Amazon (Project Tree) – Wallula Gap Campus

Wallula, Washington (Walla Walla Co.)

Scale: 500-acre site (Port of Walla Walla) for 16 data centers totaling ~3.4 M ft²datacenterdynamics.com 20. Estimated $4.8–5 B build cost. Four phases of 125 acres each; ~500 MW total capacity. Stage: Disguised as “Advance Phase LLC” (shell for a U.S. tech giant described exactly as Amazon); land sale approved Oct 2024. Code name “Project Tree” used in negotiations. Tactics: Heavy secrecy until port meeting; alias LLC and code name employed. Incentives: Port selling land at $32 M; Washington offers sales tax exemptions for rural data centers (likely applicable). Project in heavy-industrial park with rail & highway access.

DataCenterDynamics (trade) – High confidence (shell identity).

Compass Datacenters – Meridian Campus

Meridian, Mississippi (Lauderdale Co.)

Scale: Eight-building hyperscale campus, ~250k ft² and 40 MW IT load each (total ~2 M ft², 320 MW)datacenterdynamics.com 21. Valued at $10 B (including tenant IT gear). Stage: Announced Jan 2025; broke ground Feb 2025. Compass (developer) will build shells for large cloud tenants. Tactics: Open announcement with Governor; not attributed to a single end-user (speculative tenants, rumored AWS or others). Incentives: State certified data center project – 10-year income and franchise tax exemption. Local utility (Miss. Power) committing 500 MW electrical infrastructure.

DataCenterDynamics (trade) – Verified.

Compass / TPG – Prince William “Digital Gateway”

Prince William County, Virginia

Scale: Master-planned campus up to 11.55 M ft² of data centers across ~800+ acres (portion of new PW Digital Gateway area). Multi-hundred MW potential. Stage: Land use change approved Nov 2022; Compass planning underway by 2023. Tactics: Initial plans by Quantum Loophole were superseded; now led by TPG Real Estate after community pushback. Public zoning but project specifics under wraps (speculative phases). Incentives: County created “Data Center Opportunity” overlay with fast-track rezoning. Likely large infrastructure upgrades (power, roads) financed in part by developers. Confidence: Plans noted in industry press, but no official groundbreak yet (speculative until site plans filed).

Trade press (DCD) – Planning stage (speculative).

Quantum Loophole (QLoop Frederick)

Adamstown, Maryland (Frederick Co.)

Scale: 2,100-acre “data center city” campus on former Alcoa site, targeting ~1 GW power capacity. Multi-tenant mega-campus with fiber ring (“QLoop”). Stage: Land bought June 2021; initial site plan approved 2022. Tactics: Privately developed master-plan; high transparency with local officials, though later Quantum Loophole was removed from active role (TPG took over) amid execution challengesdatacenterdynamics.com 22. Incentives: County approved innovative master plan; project touted to generate $41 M/year in local taxesconduitstreet.mdcounties.org 23. Some community opposition over environmental impact. (Status: continuing under new ownership, with first tenants like Aligned securing parcelsdatacenterdynamics.com 24.)

Local news / DCDdatacenterdynamics.com 25datacenterdynamics.com 26 – Verified (project ongoing).

Atlas Data Centers – “Project Sail”

Newnan, Georgia (Coweta County)

Scale: 832-acre campus, 13 data halls @ 378k ft² each (~4.9 M ft² total)datacenterdynamics.com 27. No IT MW given (adjacent 700 MW power plant for reference). Stage: Development of Regional Impact (DRI) filing Jan 2025; rezoning underway (county vote May 2025)datacenterdynamics.com 28. Tactics: Kept semi-stealth as “Project Sail” until filing. Atlas Development LLC is little-known; website minimal. Incentives: State DRI process implies significant economic impact (claimed $1.6 B/year tax revenue – likely overstated). Local authorities supportive; specifics of incentives not public. (Confidence: Plans filed with state – credible.)

Trade press (DCD) – Verified (plans filed).

Atlas – “Project Gracie” and GA Portfolio

Rome & Atlanta region, Georgia

Scale: Atlas also proposed a 7-building, ~2.4 M ft² campus near Rome (Coosa)datacenterdynamics.com 29; plus a 178-acre second Rome site, a 2.2 M ft² (6-building) campus in Bartow Co., and a 428-acre tech park in Villa Rica. Total dozens of buildings statewide. Stage: Filed DRIs in 2024–25 for each (“Project Gracie” in Floyd Co. filed May 2025; others in 2024). Some rezoning approvals in process. Tactics: Code names (Gracie, Sail, etc.) used before public filings. Little public info on Atlas; projects appear speculative but advanced through official channels. Incentives: Likely pursuing local tax abatements via GA development authorities; state touts rapid DC growth with “tens of millions sq ft” in pipeline. (Confidence: Filings and local news confirm activity.)

Trade press (DCD) – Verified (planning).

Microsoft – East US3 (Atlanta) Region

Fulton, Douglas & Paulding Co., Georgia

Scale: Multi-site Azure cloud region in metro Atlanta. Includes two new DC campuses in South Fulton and Douglas County, plus others (~350-acre in Palmetto, GA)azure.microsoft.com 30datacenterdynamics.com 31. Total investment not fully disclosed (est. >$1–2 B). Stage: Announced 2021; land acquired 2020–21; construction ongoing through 2023. Tactics: Public announcement (no aliases) of “East US 3” Azure regionfacebook.com 32. Incentives: State and counties provided standard tax abatements (Fulton Dev. Authority approved incentives amid some local debate)reddit.com 33. Emphasis on workforce and community programs by Microsoft.

Microsoft blog / local EDCazure.microsoft.com 34reddit.com 35 – Verified.

Microsoft – Mount Pleasant Campus (Foxconn site)

Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin (Racine Co.)

Scale: At least 315-acre initial phase (on ex-Foxconn land), expanding to full 2,500-acre tech park. Phase 1: 3 data centers (~2.5 M ft²) with 300+ MW, $1 B investmenthuschblackwell.com 36. Phase 2: additional ~$2.3 B (by 2026) for total $3.3 B AI-centric expansionconstructiondive.com 37news.microsoft.com 38. Stage: Land purchase approved April 2023; construction started late 2023. Expanded AI investment announced May 2024 with White House involvement. Tactics: Initial project under wraps until land deal done (referred to as “Project Phoenix” locally). After approval, Microsoft openly promotes AI hub vision. Incentives: Local village and county agreed to infrastructure support; state enterprise zone benefits. Lake Michigan water allocation approved for cooling (up to 2.8M gal/day)jsonline.com 39. Using union labor (2,300 construction jobs).

Local news / MS Source PRconstructiondive.com 40news.microsoft.com 41 – Verified.

OpenAI/Oracle/SoftBank – “Stargate” Project

Abilene, Texas

Scale: First-of-its-kind AI supercomputing campus; 1.2 GW (!) planned IT loadenergynow.com 42, dozens of GPU-rich data halls. Building a dedicated gas power plant on-site. Stage: Construction fast-tracked in 2024; by Mar 2025 site under heavy build (goal to be fastest 100+ MW DC build). Announced at White House Jan 2025. Tactics: Development by “Stargate LLC” (JV of OpenAI, Oracle, SoftBank, et al.), code name “Project Ludicrous” during initial planning. Highly secret until public reveal in late 2024. Incentives: Close partnership with federal initiatives (positioned as strategic AI infrastructure). Local incentives undisclosed, but Abilene provided land and expedited permitting; project needed custom energy infrastructure (private generation). (Confidence: Publicly confirmed via Bloomberg reporting, government event.)

Bloomberg Businessweek via EnergyNow – Verified.

Elon Musk / xAI – Memphis Data Center (rumored)

Memphis, Tennessee (Shelby Co.)

Scale: (Speculative) – A potential hyperscale site to support xAI startup. Mentioned in context of OpenAI’s plans. No public details on size (possibly hundreds of MW). Stage: Rumored 2024; not officially announced. Tactics: Was indirectly referenced as Musk choosing Memphis for a data center instead of joining Stargate. No filings or confirmation publicly available by 2025. Incentives: Unknown – would likely seek local incentives if pursued. Confidence: Low. Only a passing mention in media; no traceable documentation. Included for completeness as an industry rumor.

Bloomberg Businessweek (mention) – Unverified rumor.